Darwinism Essays (1611 words) - Charles Darwin,

Darwinism The question of how man evolved has been pondered since man first stepped foot on this planet. Many great philosophers and explorers have made attempts to try to answer this question. Charles Darwin was one of these people. Darwin led a full life of exploration, and during these adventures, he accumulated much information about evolution. He met many explorers that had various ideas of their own about how man evolved. In discussion with these people, he figured out if what they were telling him was fact or fiction. This helped him to formulate his own theory. Curiosity was aroused in Darwin at a very young age. He was one of those children that are always into things, trying to find out how things work. He was especially interested in the outdoors. He was a very smart child, but his father, Robert Waring Darwin II, didn't think so. Darwin had a youth unmarked by the slightest trace of genius. (Rachels,7). This didn't stop Darwin, though. He never lost this curiosity throughout the years. At the age of 18, he made a very important discovery about flustra, which is 1. That the ova of the Flustra possess organs of motion and 2. That the small black globular body hithero mistaken for the young Fucus lorious is in reality the ovum of the Pontobdella Muricata. (Rachels,7). In the early 1800's, a group of naturalists led by Captain FitzRoy, were planning an overseas trip, which they called the Voyage of the Beagle. They invited Darwin along, not as a naturalist, but as a helper. Through this trip, Darwin met many explorers that had their own theories about evolution. The first theory, which is the best known and most widely accepted one, is creationism. Creationism states that God created the heavens and the earth. This is the theory stated in the Bible, and many people believe this and preach this theory daily. Many people attend church at least once a week to engage in discussion about their beliefs. This isn't the only theory, though. James Hutton introduced a different approach to evolution. His theory, uniformitarianism, suggests that the prominent features of the earth's surface were produced by forces like wind, water, and weather over a long period of time. His theory was only partly true. It explains the question how fossils form, but it really doesn't thoroughly explain evolution. Another theory of evolution is catastrophism. This theory, brought about by Cuvier, says that the earth went through a great series of catastrophes. In his theory, Cuvier suggested that there was one big super continent. He said that the continents slowly drifted apart from one large continent by plate tectonics. Darwin had the chance to talk to all these people on his trip on the Beagle, and they gave him the idea to look into evolution. During Darwin's voyage on the Beagle, he stopped at the Galapagos Islands in September of 1835. This stop is very important in the formulation of his theory because he discovered that even though the islands were very close together, and each islands contained different species of animals, and each of the species was adapted to their specific environment. (Darwin, 20). Darwin didn't realize it at first, but he had found exactly what he was looking for in terms of how man evolved. 'Descent with Modification' was staring him in the face: the tortoises and finches were descendants of common ancestors, 'modified', as Darwin says, 'for different ends'. And so the popular story is that, confronting the inhabitants of the Galapagos, Darwin became an evolutionist. (Rachels, 21). This is only partly true, though. The finches were different species, but the tortoises were all variations of the species they belong to, but the thought about the finches was true. The upshot that is, although the visit to the Galapagos was, along with many other episodes on the Voyage of the Beagle, important in the undermining Darwin's faith in immutability, it was not critically important. (Darwin, 22). Darwin was very grateful to the Galapagos Islands because this is where he first became interested in evolution. This is also where he started the formulation of his theory, which is the theory of natural selection. The theory sees evolutionary changes as the

Discussion Board Example

Discussion Board Example Discussion Board – Coursework Example February 7, Psychology Discussion Research can be done several ways. The paper delves on the research methods. The paperfocuses on the god-related research. Ungodly research should be avoided. Statement 1: â€Å"Research methods†¦godly.† The book of 1 John’s verse 1 espouses that we should not believe all spirit (Wiersbe, 2011). Instead, people should test whether each spirit is from God or not. The verse continues to state that many false prophets crop up in our world. The verse requires everyone to research whether someone who claims to be Christ or from God. Test can be done several ways (methods). One test is to use the statistics tools (Coolican, 2013). Statistics tools include variance analysis, mean, median, standard deviation or mode. Test can be done by asking confirmatory information from another person or source. During Christ’s time, the temple religious leaders believed Jesus blasphemed because Jesus claims to be God’s son. To test inc ludes determining whether the act of the person complies with God’s espoused concepts or instructions. Statement 2: â€Å"Research methods†¦ungodly.†Genesis 2, verse 17 affirms research methods can be ungodly (Wiersbe, 2011). The verse prohibits Adam and Eve to engaging in research, they are prohibited from determining whether God is telling the truth. God prohibits Adam and Eve from eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge. However, Adam and Eat became curious. The snake, Satan, convince the two humans to eat the fruit from the tree of life. Eating the fruit is one prohibited research method. One research method is to cook the apple before eating. Another research method is eating raw apple (not cooked). Based on the above verse discussions, research can be done in many ways. The bible espouses godly research. However, some individuals prefer ungodly research. Evidently, ungodly research must be evaded for being violating God’s instructions.References: Coolican, H. (2013). Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. New York: Routledge Press.Wiersbe, W. (2011). The Wiersbe Bible Study Series. New York: David Cook. Discussion Board Example Discussion Board – Article Example Graduate Undergraduate and Graduate School February 8, 2013Graduate vs. Undergrad I remember when I first entered undergraduate and I thought this is going to be fun. There will be many discussions and lectures and projects and I will learn what I want to do, but in graduate it is even more fun even though now I am in my chosen field graduate school is where I can make changes in my field to improve the many facets in education, administration and how the public views my field of study. I expect much more writing in graduate school than in undergraduate. There will be more analysis to go along with more lectures. These lectures will be mainly what the professors have contributed to the particular area of study, so this will lead to a lot more reading. In an undergraduate learning community you are learning all the basic information, the terminology of your field and it is the preparation for beginning work in your chosen field of study. The undergraduate community is where you are ma king connections with what is taught in the classroom and making connections with others in the fields. A graduate learning community is where you are reading, writing, and analyzing what is already in your field and you will be able to make possible changes and you will be able to ask questions about how you can go about making adjustments to the field. Graduate school is when you can share your own working experience in your field of study and to expand your knowledge and to see how you can make the necessary changes that you think are important.(Grand Canyon University, 2011) Graduate school is also a time to see if maybe you will want to teach or do research. Graduate school is the time that you can find different ways to improve learning in all fields of study. This is a time that students make judgments about their fields and look for more ideas that will improve their profession. ReferenceGrand Canyon University. â€Å"Being a Graduate Student† (Handout) Published by Grand Canyon University; (2011) Discussion Board Example Discussion Board – Article Example Ethical Use of Power in Management Power in the management context can be defined as the possession of command and control. It is defined as having authority over others who have low ranks and positions. The ethical use of power is usually governed by a set of morals and values. The person exercising the power employs ethical values and morals in order to exercise power ethically. Determining whether power has been used in an ethical way is a difficult exercise. This is because ethical behavior is a relative phenomenon. There is no clear cut line that distinguishes between ethical and unethical behavior. One uses their own discretion to determine what counts as ethical and what does not. Ethics and its application in management are determined by the conditions in the immediate environment, state of mind, timing and the current state of affairs.The ultimate goal of the attribution theory is to help a person, and in this case manager, to comprehend the reason behind a certain human beh avior. This is based on the fact that people need to link causes to behaviors as opposed to assuming that these behaviors are random. This theory fronts that supervisors should react in ways that bring out the positive attitudes of the subordinates (Martinko, 2006). Managers can mitigate the negative outcomes of political behavior by steering clear of taking political sides. Since he is the manager and the overall in charge, he should exercise restraint from leaning towards any political affiliation and should instead act as an authoritative father figure who unites all who are under him (Martinko, 2006).The people in the work environment are often less empowered because the managers exercise all the powers and decision making. This state can be improved by delegating duties to the various subordinates there by instilling a sense of belonging, empowerment and responsibility in them (Martinko, 2006).ReferenceMartinko, M. J. (2006). Attribution theory: an organizational perspective. N ew York: St. Lucie Press. Discussion Board Example Discussion Board – Coursework Example Finance and Accounting Discussion Board of Finance and Accounting Discussion Board PepsiCo is the company that is engaged in making beverages like soft drinks, juices, pure water, tea and energy drinks. Its brands are Tropicana, Pepsi, Mountain Dew, and others. Manufacturing businesses use different techniques in order to manage the cost so to achieve the main goal of the business to increase its profits. PepsiCo also requires Contemporary management technique to achieve its success factors. They have to work on the cost area for their purpose.The accountants of the company could play their role in minimizing the cost. Accountants are advised to apply standard costing method for the purpose. In this method, the expected cost is calculated at the time of purchasing raw material and before the manufacturing process is started. Although a variance is to be found between the actual cost and expected cost but it could be managed by the accountants later. Expected cost will provide help to the accountants to identify the selling price of the product after it is being manufactured. The help in determining the expected cost could be taken by the software as well in the modern world (Marie & Rao, 2010).Accountants could control the cost during the manufacturing process through the strategies such as economies of scale. Economies of scale refer to the units of the products to be manufactured so to set the cost at equilibrium point. The target set by the accountants that the units of products would be that could change later. For example, company has the target to produce 100000 liters of Pepsi but it is found that the units cost is not enough that it could not be recover the accountants could change the strategy (Shi, 2012). References ListMarie, A., & Rao, A. (2010). Is Standard Costing Still Relevant? Evidence from Dubai. Management Accounting Quarterly, 11(2), 1-10.Shi, H. (2012). Economies of scale in the Australian tourism industry. Applied Economics., 44(33), 13.

Joan of Arc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Joan of Arc - Essay Example (Lowell 28) From this time onward she received regular visitations from the archangel, and from Saint Catherine and Saint Margaret, who told her that her purpose was simply to help France. For several years she did not speak of the visions. It was only when they became more specific about what they wanted her to do that she was required to speak in order to establish her mission. From this is it obvious that her visions were not simply a method of attention-seeking, as she was in no hurry to reveal their existence until it was absolutely necessary. She lived with the voices for several years without acting upon what they told her, and was reluctant to speak of them at all. (Lowell 30) Perhaps this modesty was one way in which her authority became believable. One of the reasons Joan of Arc has become a legendary figure is that, as a French peasant girl she was able to gain the backing of the French king, and command the respect and obedience of an entire army. In 1428 the voices began to give her more specific instructions, and as a result she eventually gained an audience with Charles VII of France. (Hodges 2000) At this time, the influence of Charles VII had been steadily weakening, and this perhaps was a major factor in his decision to trust in her. Even if this is true, it is still impressive that she was able to command such influence over the French army. It is said that the Commanders of the army "supported her mostly because she was willing to aggressively fight the English, unlike the lethargic and distracted Royal Court". (Williamson 2003) Perhaps she was, initially, so firmly supported partially by default rather than due to any particular faith in her. Joan's main focus was the spiritual life of the army, and she may have bee n more a source of inspiration than of military tactics. (Williamson 2003) There are a number of cited instances where Joan herself appeared to have knowledge of events that had not yet occurred, or simply knowledge that she should have had no way of knowing. There are so many such stories that they have become part of an enduring legend that strengthens the image of Joan of Arc as divinely inspired. The fact that she was canonized after death only serves to enhance this image. The first such stories are about the incidents which enabled her to gain an audience with the Charles VII. She first went to Lord Robert de Baudricot, a garrison commander stationed near her village of Domremy, to request an escort to the king. Having previously sent her away twice, he fulfilled her third request after she accurately predicted a French defeat at Rouvray near Orleans. Next, she gained an audience with Charles VII, and he began to take her seriously after she related to him the details of a private prayer he had made several months earlier, in which he had asked God t o aid his cause. (Williamson 2003) There are many such incidents in history - Joan of Arc is said to have predicted numerous battles in which she took part, including that outside of Paris where she herself was wounded. (Williamson 2003) In matters of faith it is impossible to determine truth. One either believes, or does not. Because of this, one can say that truth is not the important factor in faith - what is relevant is the belief. In